Epidemiologic Issues of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Sexual Assault Victims

Matthew W. Reynolds · Jeffrey F. Peipert

62 citations0/0 files storedObstetrical & Gynecological Survey

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Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies Reproductive tract infections research Sex work and related issues

Abstract

UNLABELLED: The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic aspects of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in victims of sexual assault and to discuss the methodological issues in determining risk of STD acquisition. We performed a comprehensive review of the medical literature to determine the prevalence of STDs in victims of sexual assault. A MEDLINE search and a search of bibliographies of published manuscripts was performed to discover relevant articles published in the English language. Studies were included in our review if they provided estimates of the prevalence of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas vaginalis, or human papillomavirus (HPV). The main outcome measure was prevalence rates of STDs in victims of sexual assault. It is difficult to determine the rate of newly acquired STDs from sexual assault. In the populations studied the prevalence of STDs can be summarized as follows: N. gonorrhoeae 0.0 to 26.3 percent; C. trachomatis 3.9 to 17 percent; T. pallidum 0.0 to 5.6 percent; T. vaginalis 0.0 to 19.0 percent; and HPV 0.6 to 2.3 percent. We conclude that prevalence estimates vary widely depending on the population studied and known risk factors for STDs. Given the limited follow-up rates in this population, preventive treatment for STDs in addition to emergency contraception should be offered in most instances. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to estimate the prevalence of STD transmission from an act of sexual assault, to describe the various types of STDs that a sexual assault victim is at risk for, and to explain the role of preventive therapy in this setting.

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References

1990Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Victims of Rape 1997Sexual violence against women living with or at risk for HIV infection.1996Sexual Violence Against Women Living With or at Risk for HIV Infection 1979Rape: Sexual disruption and recovery.1985Clinical findings and legal resolution in sexual assault 1971Sexual assault on women and girls 1994Epidemiology of adolescent sexual assault.

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2005Clinical presentation and management of alleged sexually assaulted females at Mulago hospital, Kampala, Uganda.2005Sexual assault on woman: Its impact on her life and living in society 2012Men’s Alcohol Intoxication and Condom Use During Sexual Assault Perpetration 2003Management of acute adult sexual assault 2018Attitudes towards help-seeking for sexual and gender-based violence in humanitarian settings: the case of Rwamwanja refugee settlement scheme in Uganda 2008Comprehensive medical care for victims of sexual assault: a survey of Illinois hospital emergency departments

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