Salience, motivation, and artifact as contributions to the relation between participation rate and leadership

Abstract

This paper reports the results of a meta-analytic integration of research examining the relation between participation rate and leadership emergence in small groups. The following patterns were observed: Generally, the tendency for the individual with the highest level of verbal participation to be chosen as the leader was significant and of strong magnitude. This effect varied as a function of the salience of the high participator (defined in terms of proportional rarity in the group), the operationalization of leadership (judgments made by group members vs outside observers), and the reality of the group. These results are consistent with salience, motivation, and artifact accounts for the relation between participation and leadership and inconsistent with reward, leadership sign, and self-presentation accounts for this effect. Discussion considers how salience, motivation, and artifact serve as contributors to the participation-leadership effect and considers the implications of these patterns for the more general issues of the phenomenology of being in a group.

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