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Transformations have always been important in [2, 3] but with the surveying technology available today there is an increasing need to transform coordinates from one coordinate system or datum to another. This may be for engineering and industrial measurement applications, photogrammetry or geodetic computation. The most fundamental transformation involves the use of rectangular cartesian coordinates and this is often the coordinate system used in engineering and local measurement schemes. For those working in geodetic coordinate systems, transformations between ellipsoidal coordinate systems are also possible. The methods presented here are some of the basic forms that are suitable for many applications. A large number of simplified techniques or solutions, based on the following methods have been developed in the past to facilitate easy hand computation. These simplifications have less importance today where even the modest scientific pocket calculators can store large amounts of data and can perform complex mathematical calculations.
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