Fatty acid and glycerol content of lipids; effects of ageing and solvent extraction on the composition of oil paints = Acides gras et glycerol des lipides; effets du vieillissement sur la composition des peintures a l'huile et extraction par solvant

Abstract

This paper describes a gas chromatographic procedure for the analysis of glycerol and fatty acids in oil paints. Molar ratios of selected fatty acids to the glycerol content aided in understanding the chemical composition of dried oil paints. For example, exposure to light and heat significantly increased the concentrations of all dicarboxylic fatty acids except azelaic acid in oil and egg tempera paint, whereas for many of the paints the content of saturated fatty acids was markedly reduced. Solvents were found to extract a large percentage of all detectable species from paints made with slow-drying formulations, but their effect did not hinder the identification of the oil type. Drying oils obtained from various commercial sources yielded films that, after exposure to heat, exhibited a consistent set of molar ratios for each type of oil that are useful for identifying oils in paintings. The results of this research show that glycerol is a useful marker in aged oil and egg tempera paint that supplements information obtained from traditional fatty acid profiles. -- ICCROM

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