Articlegold2010

Factors Affecting the Introduction of New Vaccines to Poor Nations: A Comparative Study of the Haemophilus influenzae Type B and Hepatitis B Vaccines

Aharona Glatman‐Freedman · Mary-Louise Cohen · Katherine A. Nichols · Robert F. Porges · Ivy Rayos Saludes · Kevin Steffens +2 more

28 citations0/0 files storedPLoS ONE

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Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A major effort to introduce new vaccines into poor nations of the world was initiated in recent years with the help of the GAVI alliance. The first vaccines introduced have been the Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) and the hepatitis B (Hep B) vaccines. The introduction of these vaccines during the first phase of GAVI's operations demonstrated considerable variability. We set out to study the factors affecting the introduction of these vaccines. The African Region (AFRO), where new vaccines were introduced to a substantial number of countries during the first phase of GAVI's funding, was selected for this study. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: GAVI-eligible AFRO countries with a population of 0.5 million or more were included in the study. Countries were analyzed and compared for new vaccine introduction, healthcare indicators, financial indicators related to healthcare and country-level Governance Indicators, using One Way ANOVA, correlation analysis and Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). Introduction of new vaccines into AFRO nations was associated primarily with high country-level Governance Indicator scores. The use of individual Governance Indicator scores, as well as a combined Governance Indicator score we developed, demonstrated similar results. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study results indicate that good country-level governance is an imperative pre-requisite for the successful early introduction of new vaccines into poor African nations. Enhanced support measures may be required to effectively introduce new vaccines to countries with low governance scores. The combined governance score we developed may thus constitute a useful tool for helping philanthropic organizations make decisions regarding the type of support needed by different countries to achieve success.

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References

1989The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies 2007Historical Comparisons of Morbidity and Mortality for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases in the United States 2006Bilateral Donors’ Interest vs. Recipients’ Development Motives in Aid Allocation: Do All Donors Behave the Same?2009Financing of global health: tracking development assistance for health from 1990 to 2007 2009Global immunization: status, progress, challenges and future 1999The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries 2006Vaccine Preventable Deaths and the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy, 2006-2015 2006Vaccine Preventable Deaths and the Global Immunization Vision and Strategy, 2006-2015

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2021The use of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to address causality in complex systems: a systematic review of research on public health interventions 2011Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) in Public Policy Analysis : An Extensive Review 201540th Anniversary of Introduction of Expanded Immunization Program (EPI): A Literature Review of Introduction of New Vaccines for Routine Childhood Immunization in Sub-Saharan Africa

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