LOCAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: THE IMPACT OF RULES‐IN‐USE

Vivien Lowndes · Lawrence Pratchett · Gerry Stoker

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Social Capital and Networks Electoral Systems and Political Participation Public Policy and Administration Research

Abstract

This article argues that political participation is shaped by locally distinctive ‘rules‐in‐use’, notwithstanding the socio‐economic status or level of social capital in an area. It recognizes that the resources available to people, as well as the presence of social capital within communities, are potential key determinants of the different levels of local participation in localities. However, the article focuses on a third factor – the institutional rules that frame participation. Levels of participation are found to be related to the openness of the political system, the presence of a ‘public value’ orientation among local government managers, and the effectiveness of umbrella civic organizations. Whereas resources and social capital are not factors that can be changed with any great ease, the institutional determinants of participation are more malleable. Through case study analysis, the article shows how actors have shaped the environment within which citizens make their decisions about engagement, resulting in demonstrable effects upon levels of participation.

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1990Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance 2000Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community 1991Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance 2000Bowling alone 1993Making democracy work: civic traditions in modern Italy 1993Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy 1995Voice and Equality 1963The Civic Culture

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