Articlegold2011

A population study comparing screening performance of prototypes for depression and anxiety with standard scales

Helen M Christensen · Philip J. Batterham · Janie Busby Grant · Kathleen M Griffiths · Andrew James Mackinnon

49 citations0/0 files storedBMC Medical Research Methodology

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Mental Health Treatment and Access Psychological Testing and Assessment

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Screening instruments for mental disorders need to be short, engaging, and valid. Current screening instruments are usually questionnaire-based and may be opaque to the user. A prototype approach where individuals identify with a description of an individual with typical symptoms of depression, anxiety, social phobia or panic may be a shorter, faster and more acceptable method for screening. The aim of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of four new prototype screeners for predicting depression and anxiety disorders and to compare their performance with existing scales. METHODS: Short and ultra-short prototypes were developed for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Panic Disorder (PD) and Social Phobia (SP). Prototypes were compared to typical short and ultra-short self-report screening scales, such as the Centre for Epidemiology Scale, CES-D and the GAD-7, and their short forms. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) version 6 1 was used as the gold standard for obtaining clinical criteria through a telephone interview. From a population sample, 225 individuals who endorsed a prototype and 101 who did not were administered the MINI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for the short and ultra short prototypes and for the short and ultra short screening scales. RESULTS: The study found that the rates of endorsement of the prototypes were commensurate with prevalence estimates. The short-form and ultra short scales outperformed the short and ultra short prototypes for every disorder except GAD, where the GAD prototype outperformed the GAD 7. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that people may be able to self-identify generalised anxiety more accurately than depression based on a description of a prototypical case. However, levels of identification were lower than expected. Considerable benefits from this method of screening may ensue if our prototypes can be improved for Major Depressive Disorder, Social Phobia and Panic Disorder.

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References

1977The CES-D Scale 2006A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder 1998The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10 1994Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States 1998The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10.1998The mini international neuropsychiatric interview 2007Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care: Prevalence, Impairment, Comorbidity, and Detection 1997“Mental health literacy”: a survey of the public's ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment

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