Infectious disease markers in young blood donors

ALAN E. WILLIAMS · George B. Schreiber · Helen E. Ownby

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Blood donation and transfusion practices HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions Organ Donation and Transplantation

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether the active recruitment of young donors of high school and college age could affect the safety of the blood supply, prevalence and incidence rates of infectious disease markers among donors aged 17 to 18 and 19 to 22 were compared to those in donors 23 years of age and older. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Over 15 percent of 4.97 million whole blood donations were collected from donors aged 17 to 18 and 19 to 22. Prevalence (per 100,000 first-time donors) and incidence (per 100,000 person-years) rates for confirmed infectious diseases were compared between age groups. RESULTS: The prevalence estimates for HIV, HCV, HTLV-I and -II, and serologic tests for syphilis (STS) were significantly lower among first-time donors aged 17 to 18 and 19 to 22 than among those 23 to 44 years of age. HBsAg prevalence was higher in the first-time donors in the younger groups than in first-time donors in the older group because of higher prevalences among Asians and blacks. The incidence rates of HIV, HCV, and HTLV were similar in the younger groups and the older group. Donors 19 to 22 years of age had a higher incidence rate of estimated HBV than did donors aged 23 to 44 and 45+ (p<0.001), but the incidence rate of STS was lower in donors aged 17 to 18 and 19 to 22 than in donors 23 to 44 and 45+ years of age (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Aggressive recruitment of school-age donors should not result in an increased risk of transmission-transmitted infections, with the possible exception of HBV.

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References

1974Epidemiology;: An introductory text 1999Feasibility and efficacy of routine PCR screening of blood donations for hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and HIV-1 in a blood-bank setting 1997Estimates of Infectious Disease Risk Factors in US Blood Donors 1997The incidence/window period model and its use to assess the risk of transfusion-transmitted human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infection 1995The Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study (REDS): rationale and methods 1989Markers for Transfusion-Transmitted Disease in Different Groups of Blood Donors

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