Environmentalism is a cultural and social movement concerned with the preservation of nature. The concept of the “environmentalism of the poor” was born within the discipline of social history. The thesis is that in the many resource-extraction and waste-disposal conflicts in history and today, the poor are often on the side of the preservation of nature against business firms and the state. The environmentalism of the poor centers then on social justice, including claims to recognition and participation, and builds on the premise that the fights for human rights and environment are inseparable. Many socioenvironmental conflicts stem from the poor trying to retain environmental resources for their livelihood. A contributing factor to the environmentalism of the poor is the strengthening of the international movement for indigenous rights concerned with political rights and cultural preservation. The study of the environmentalism of the poor arose in social history in India and, to some extent, in Latin America.
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