Article2007

Parenting and Adolescent Antisocial Behavior and Depression

Mark Ethan Feinberg · Tanya M. M. Button · Jenae M. Neiderhiser · David Reiss · E. Mavis Hetherington

153 citations0/0 files storedArchives of General Psychiatry

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Genetic Associations and Epidemiology Mental Health Research Topics

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the interplay of genotypes and malleable risk factors in influencing adolescent psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Information on these processes is crucial in designing programs for the prevention of psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether latent genetic factors and measured parent-child relationships interact (G x E) in predicting adolescent antisocial behavior and depression. DESIGN: We characterized risk of antisocial behavior and depression in adolescents by means of a genetically informed design. We used in-home questionnaire and observational measures of adolescent outcomes and environmental moderators (parenting), and a latent variable behavior genetic analytic model. SETTING: A nationally distributed sample recruited from random-digit dialing and national market panels. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 720 families with at least 2 children, 9 through 18 years old, stratified by genetic relatedness (monozygotic and dizygotic twins, full biological siblings in nondivorced and stepfamilies, and half-siblings and biologically unrelated siblings in stepfamilies). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: There was an interaction of genotype and both parental negativity and low warmth predicting overall antisocial behavior, as well as aggressive and nonaggressive forms of antisocial behavior, but not depression. Genetic influence was greater for adolescent antisocial behavior when parenting was more negative or less warm. Genotype-environment correlation was partialled out in the analysis and thus did not account for the results. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates, on the basis of careful measurement and appropriate analytic methods, that a continuous measure of parenting in the normative range moderates the influence of genotype on antisocial behavior.

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References

1979Measuring Intrafamily Conflict and Violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales 2002Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in Maltreated Children 1983Manual for the Child: Behavior Checklist and Revised Child Behavior Profile 2011Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI)2000Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture.1992A Family Process Model of Economic Hardship and Adjustment of Early Adolescent Boys 1987Why are children in the same family so different from one another?1999The Nurture Assumption: Why Children Turn Out the Way they Do

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