Article1995

Hopelessness predicts future depressive symptoms: A prospective analysis of cognitive vulnerability and cognitive content specificity

Brad A. Alford · Janine M. Lester · Rita J. Patel · Lucia C. Giunta

79 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Clinical Psychology

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Psychological Treatments and Assessments Optimism, Hope, and Well-being

Abstract

Beck's content specificity hypothesis predicts distinct cognitive content within specific psychological disorders. We evaluated whether the third component of the "cognitive triad", negative view of the future (hopelessness), would be related 4 weeks later to depressive symptoms, but not to anxiety. University student participants (83 females, 71 males) were tested on the Beck Depression Inventory and the Beck Anxiety Inventory at two points in time, separated by 4 weeks. The Hopelessness Scale was administered at time 1 and a Life Events Inventory at time 2. Concurrent cognitive content specificity was replicated. For males only, hopelessness predicted future depression severity scores, but not anxiety. Hopelessness predicted depressive symptoms over and above life event stressors, but not vice versa.

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References

1988An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.1988Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation 1975Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders 1974The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale.1977Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders 1987Issues and recommendations regarding use of the Beck Depression Inventory 1998Behavioral Assessment: A Practical Handbook 1983The role of cognition in depression: A critical appraisal.

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2015From the Outside Looking In: Sense of Belonging, Depression, and Suicide Risk 2003Normative data on cognitive measures of depression.2005Students under academic stress in a Turkish University: Variables associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety 1999Causal Analysis of Hopelessness Theory: Effects of Diathesis and Proximal Factor upon Stress Responses 1998A Structural Analysis of Optimism/Pessimism and it's Relation with Subjective Well-being in Japanese Subjects

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