Emerging Adulthood and Leaving Foster Care: Settings Associated with Mental Health

Patrick J. Fowler · Paul A. Toro · Bart W. Miles

88 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Community Psychology

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Child Welfare and Adoption Homelessness and Social Issues Youth Education and Societal Dynamics

Abstract

The present study examined the role of contextual support on mental health during the transition to adulthood within a vulnerable group, adolescents leaving foster care because of their age. Participants were 265 19- to 23-year-olds who retrospectively reported on 3 main contexts of emerging adulthood: housing security, educational achievement, and employment attainment in the first 2 years after leaving foster care. Mental health measured self-reported emotional distress, substance abuse, and deviancy at the time of interview. Growth Mixture Modeling empirically identified 3 latent trajectory classes. Stable-Engaged (41%) experienced secure housing and increasing connections to education and employment over time. Stable-Disengaged (30%) maintained housing but reported decreasing rates of education and small increases in employment. Instable-Disengaged (29%) experienced chronic housing instability, declined connection to education, and failed to attain employment. Stable-Engaged and Stable-Disengaged classes reported better mental health compared to the Instable-Disengaged class, indicating the importance of housing in transitioning to adulthood.

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References

1979The Ecology of Human Development 2000Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties.2007Deciding on the Number of Classes in Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study 1981The Ecology of Human Development 1983The Brief Symptom Inventory: an introductory report 2000Integrating Person‐Centered and Variable‐Centered Analyses: Growth Mixture Modeling With Latent Trajectory Classes 1988One-Month Prevalence of Mental Disorders in the United States 2000Pathways to Adulthood in Changing Societies: Variability and Mechanisms in Life Course Perspective

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2019Young People’s Preparedness for Adult Life and Coping After Foster Care: A Systematic Review of Perceptions and Experiences in the Transition Period 2019Effects of individual risk and state housing factors on adverse outcomes in a national sample of youth transitioning out of foster care 2017Transitioning Out of Foster Care 2017Latent classes of older foster youth: Prospective associations with outcomes and exits from the foster care system during the transition to adulthood

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