On-site observations on the faunal collections remaining in Beijing from the prewar excavations of Zhoukoudian are reported. Assessments are made regarding the degree to which these collections represent both the faunal remains removed from the site. Comparative studies of the observed materials are then presented with the aim of assessing the relative roles of hominids and other denning animals. It is concluded that, given our current knowledge of diagnostic criteria, nonhominid denning animals were the dominant agents responsible for the Zhoukoudian faunal remains and that, while hominids were certainly also involved, they are likely to have been scavenging animal products rather than hunting. Provocative evidence of the "roasting" of horse heads seems indicated for the recent (<250,000 years ago) levels at Zhoukoudian.
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