Cost of diabetes care in out-patient clinics of Karachi, Pakistan

Liaquat Ali Khowaja · Ali Khan Khuwaja · Peter Cosgrove

133 citations0/0 files storedBMC Health Services Research

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Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life Healthcare Systems and Reforms Diabetes Management and Education

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing epidemic and the cost of treating diabetes is largely increasing. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost-of-illness of DM among attendees of out-patient clinics in Karachi, Pakistan. This is the first study conducted from a societal perspective to estimate the cost of managing diabetes in Pakistan. METHODS: A prevalence-based 'Cost-of-Illness' study for diabetes care was conducted in six different out-patient clinics of Karachi, Pakistan from July to September 2006. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to collect the data from 345 randomly selected persons with diabetes. RESULTS: The annual mean direct cost for each person with diabetes was estimated to be Pakistani rupees 11,580 (US$ 197). Medicines accounted for the largest share of direct cost (46%), followed by laboratory investigations (32%). We found that increased age, the number of complications and longer duration of the disease significantly increase the burden of cost on society (p < 0.001). Comparing cost with family income it was found that the poorest segment of society is spending 18% of total family income on diabetes care. CONCLUSION: This study concluded that substantial expenditure is incurred by people with diabetes; with the implication that resources could be saved by prevention, earlier detection and a reduction in diabetes co-morbidities and complications through improved diabetes care. Large scale and cost-effective prevention programs need to be initiated to maximise health gains and to reverse the advance of this epidemic.

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References

2003Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2002 2003Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2002 2003The cost of diabetes in Latin America and the Caribbean.2002Lifetime Costs of Complications Resulting From Type 2 Diabetes in the U.S.2000Expenditure on health care incurred by diabetic subjects in a developing country — a study from southern India

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2010Assessment of the direct medical costs of diabetes mellitus and its complications in the United Arab Emirates 2019Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh: a prevalence based cost-of-illness study 2017The Economic Costs of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, and Associated Complications in South Asia: A Systematic Review 2022Cost of Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Findings from a Lower-Middle Income Country 2018The economic impact of non-communicable diseases among households in South Asia and their coping strategy: A systematic review 2018Direct and indirect cost of diabetes care among patients with type 2 diabetes in private clinics: a multicenter study in Punjab, Pakistan 2019Economic Impact of Diabetes in South Asia: the Magnitude of the Problem

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