Differences in movement-related cortical activation patterns underlying motor performance in children with and without developmental coordination disorder

Melissa M. Pangelinan · Bradley D. Hatfield · Jane E. Clark

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Children's Physical and Motor Development Motor Control and Adaptation Neurological disorders and treatments

Abstract

Behavioral deficits in visuomotor planning and control exhibited by children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have been extensively reported. Although these functional impairments are thought to result from "atypical brain development," very few studies to date have identified potential neurological mechanisms. To address this knowledge gap, electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 6- to 12-yr-old children with and without DCD (n = 14 and 20, respectively) during the performance of a visuomotor drawing task. With respect to motor performance, typically developing (TD) children exhibited age-related improvements in key aspects of motor planning and control. Although some children with DCD performed outside this TD landscape (i.e., age-related changes within the TD group), the group developmental trajectory of the children with DCD was similar to that of the TD children. Despite overall similarities in performance, engagement of cortical resources in the children with DCD was markedly different from that in their TD counterparts. While the patterns of activation are stable in TD children across the age range, the young children with DCD exhibited less engagement of motor cortical brain areas and the older children with DCD exhibited greater engagement of motor cortical brain areas than their TD peers. These results suggest that older children with DCD may employ a compensatory strategy in which increased engagement of relevant motor resources allows these children to perform comparably to their TD peers. Moreover, the magnitude of activation was related to several kinematic measures, particularly in children with DCD, suggesting that greater engagement in motor resources may underlie better behavioral performance.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2010Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ‐ IV ‐ TR )2007Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 2005Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1998DCD may not be a discrete disorder 2003Two distinct pathways for developmental coordination disorder: Persistence and resolution 2004Electroencephalographic Studies of Skilled Psychomotor Performance 2010Brain Activation of Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder is Different Than Peers

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2017Reduced relative volume in motor and attention regions in developmental coordination disorder: A voxel‐based morphometry study 2017Diminished motor imagery capability in adults with motor impairment: An fMRI mental rotation study

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