A Cross-Cultural Item-Analysis of Bender-Gestalt Protocols Administered to Ghetto and Suburban Children

Abstract

The Bender-Gestalt (Bender) designs were administered to 325 third-grade Ss of diverse cultural backgrounds and the Koppitz scoring system was applied to determine Ss' visual-perceptual-motor reproduction “errors.” Two comparisons were made: the first, between 654 first graders previously studied and the third-grade Ss considered in this study; the second, between the two third-grade groups. In this study, it is shown that: difficulty in reproducing Bender designs accurately tends to diminish from Grade 1 to Grade 3 but remains a problem in perceptual-visual maturation for culturally disadvantaged children. Additionally, there is a different developmental sequence for the two groups and certain visual-perceptual-motor reproduction tasks continue to be difficult for one group whereas others do not.

Cite this work

No public copy is stored for this record, so only the metadata is cited.

Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 10 citations exist upstream.

Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.