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Enlarging 'spaces of democracy', including civic spaces, is crucial for encouraging citizens' involvement in the governance of cities and regions. However, global trends in urban development have intensified the use of land and the built environment for economic activities at the expense of civic spaces, and urban spaces are increasingly being transformed into spaces for consumption rather than for social and civic life. Inadequacy in the provision of civic spaces is of concern because of its effects on the political efficacy and well-being of city inhabitants. Bangkok is used as a case study illustrating contemporary trends and conflicts in the provision of civic spaces with regard to the impacts of major global trends in privatisation and economic competition. Suggestions are made for improving planning and design processes to provide better civic spaces for the benefit of urban communities.
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