PATHOLOGIC LAUGHING AND CRYING

Abstract

The occurrence of affective responses, such as involuntary laughing or crying, associated with lesions of the nervous system has been the topic of several contributions. By pathologic laughing and crying we mean involuntary and uncontrollable attacks of emotional expressions as a result of a cerebral lesion or lesions. The few attempts at correlation of these emotional expressions on a neuroanatomic and physiologic basis in man have led to various interpretations. The problem is beset by many difficulties because in most instances the lesions are neither isolated nor limited to specific areas of the nervous system. This is especially true in the cases of cerebrovascular disease and multiple sclerosis with multiple and bilateral lesions, in which pathologic laughing and crying commonly occur. At times, however, these affective responses appear in case of cerebrovascular disease at the same time as, or soon after, the ictus. In such cases, with utilization of the

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