Long-term consequences of childhood physical and psychological maltreatment

Amy B. Gross · Harold R. Keller

230 citations0/0 files storedAggressive Behavior

No readable copy stored yet — this record is metadata only.

No open-access location is known for this record yet.

Literature note Cite in a project Citation map

Child Abuse and Trauma Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Child Welfare and Adoption

Abstract

This study assessed whether some of the correlates of learned helplessness—depression, low self-esteem, and a maladaptive attributional style—are long-term consequences of child abused. In this study, 260 subjects were identified as physically abused, psychologically abused, both physically and psychologically abused, or nonabused, based on responses to the Child Abuse Questionnaire (CAQ). Subjects were tested for levels of nonclinical depression via the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), for levels of self-esteem via the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and for the adaptiveness of attributional style via the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). It was hypothesized that each of the three abuse groups would differ from the control group on the three dependent measures; differences among the three abuse groups were also explored. Three one-way analyses of variance indicated that (1) BDI scores reflected a greater tendency toward depression in subjects reporting both types of abuse than in nonabused subjects or in subjects reporting either psychological or physical abuse, (2) subjects reporting psychological abuse only or both psychological and physical abuse showed lower self-esteem than did nonabused subjects, and (3) abused subjects did not seem to exhibit a more maladaptive attributional style than that of nonabused subjects. In addition, multiple linear regression analyses pointed to psychological abuse as a critical variable in predicting levels of depression, self-esteem, and attributional style, when physical abuse effects were controlled. Controlling for the effects of psychological abuse, however, indicated that physical abuse did not significantly contribute to the variance in these variables. Implications for the learned helplessness model and for future research are discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Paper brief

Loading…

Cite this work

Citation unavailable for this work.

BibTeX RIS CSL-JSON

No public copy is stored for this record, so only the metadata is cited.

Citations in this library

Citation map →

Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 230 citations exist upstream.

References

1965Society and the Adolescent Self-Image 1988Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation 1978Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.1982The attributional Style Questionnaire 1984Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence.1987Issues and recommendations regarding use of the Beck Depression Inventory 1984Attributional style and depressive symptoms among children.1986Learned helplessness in children: A longitudinal study of depression, achievement, and explanatory style.

Cited by

2002Exploring psychological abuse in childhood: II. Association with other abuse and adult clinical depression 2006Diversity in adjustment of maltreated children: Factors associated with resilient functioning 2004The impact of individual forms of childhood maltreatment on health behavior 1998Predicting personality pathology among adult patients with substance use disorders 2003Psychological Aggression by American Parents: National Data on Prevalence, Chronicity, and Severity

Explore the map →

Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.

Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.