The Feminist Funk Power of Betty Davis and Renée Stout

Abstract

I sell the shadow to support the substance.Sojourner Truth Tell them about how you're never really a whole person if you remain silent, because there's always that one little piece inside you that wants to be spoken out, and if you keep ignoring it, it gets madder and madder and hotter and hotter, and if you don't speak it out one day it will just up and punch you in the mouth from the inside out. 1 Audre LordeFine artists have historically looked to music (and musicians) as sources of inspiration for both subject matter and form.In twentieth-century American art, for example, artists like Romare Bearden, Jackson Pollock, and David Hammons, among many others, sought out jazz, in particular, to enhance their visual vocabulary, to inform their improvisational applications of materials, and/or to incorporate various themes of representation.2 Many contemporary artists are making headway into transforming American art through the manipulation of signs and form along with more complex readings, writings, and visualizations of black identity in American popular culture and music than has traditionally been available, especially for art historians.3 However, outside of the genre

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