Active Commuting to School

Jacqueline Kerr · Dori E. Rosenberg · James F. Sallis · Brian E. Saelens · Lawrence Douglas Frank · Terry L. Conway

548 citations0/0 files storedMedicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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Urban Transport and Accessibility Urban Green Space and Health Injury Epidemiology and Prevention

Abstract

PURPOSE: This study examined the association of objective and perceived neighborhood environmental characteristics and parent concerns with active commuting to school, investigated whether parental concerns varied by environmental characteristics, and compared the association of the perceived environment, parental concerns, and objective environment on the outcome active commuting to school. METHODS: Randomly selected parents of children (aged 5-18 yr), in neighborhoods chosen for their variability in objectively measured walkability and income, completed questionnaires about their neighborhood environment, concerns about children walking to school, and children's behavior (N = 259). Objective measures of the environment were available for each participant and each neighborhood. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the relationships among environment, parental concerns, and walking or biking to or from school at least once a week. RESULTS: A parental concerns scale was most strongly associated with child active commuting (odds ratio: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.71-9.96). In high-income neighborhoods, more children actively commuted in high-walkable (34%) than in low-walkable neighborhoods (23%) (odds ratio: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.12-3.97), but no differences were noted in low-income neighborhoods. Parent concerns and neighborhood aesthetics were independently associated with active commuting. Perceived access to local stores and biking or walking facilities accounted for some of the effect of walkability on active commuting. CONCLUSION: Both parent concerns and the built environment were associated with children's active commuting to school. To increase active commuting to school, interventions that include both environmental change and education campaigns may be needed.

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References

2003Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures 2003Neighborhood-Based Differences in Physical Activity: An Environment Scale Evaluation 2004Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars 2005Linking objectively measured physical activity with objectively measured urban form 2006Many Pathways from Land Use to Health: Associations between Neighborhood Walkability and Active Transportation, Body Mass Index, and Air Quality 2003Perceptions about the local neighborhood and walking and cycling among children 2005Urban Form and a Child’s Trip to School: The Current Literature and a Framework for Future Research

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2009Neighborhood built environment and income: Examining multiple health outcomes 2008Environmental determinants of active travel in youth: A review and framework for future research 2005Evaluation of the California Safe Routes to School legislation 2008Children's active commuting to school: current knowledge and future directions.2007Children’s mode choice for the school trip: the role of distance and school location in walking to school

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