This study investigates the surface cleaning of an unvarnished painting using citrate solutions at a range of pH. Cleaning tests followed a similar method to that used for cleaning paintings. The effects of the reagents were examined with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and an assay for assessing clearance of residual citrate was carried out using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results are used to evaluate the effects that might be observed when using these cleaning reagents, with the aim of improving risk assessment for surface dirt removal from unvarnished paintings. At low acceleration voltages, SEM allowed detailed examination of paint from the same location before and after sequential cleaning treatments, and the results are interpreted in combination with LM and visual assessment. Paint samples treated with solutions at selected concentrations were assessed by semi-quantitative GC-MS analysis. Clearance of the paint surface with water removed the reagent from the surface, and a detection limit of 1 ng is postulated for the method used.
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