The (mis)measurement of restraint: An analysis of conceptual and psychometric issues.

Abstract

In this article we examine alleged conceptual and psychometric deficiencies of the Restraint Scale, an instrument intended to identify chronic dieters. These deficiencies include the confounding of restraint with disinhibition, the inapplicability of the scale to obese samples, problems with the factor structure of the scale, and difficulties in completing the scale. We argue that these alleged deficiencies are in most cases chimerical and that the Restraint Scale remains the most useful tool for examining behavioral and other dieter/nondieter differences. Proposed alternatives to the Re-straint Scale are examined and found to be inadequate as replacements, although they may be useful for certain purposes. Closer attention to the intended purpose of such instruments may serve to dispel controversy and confusion. Research on the dynamics of eating has gradually expanded from the examination of behavioral differences as a function of body weight (e.g., Schachter & Rodin's, 1974, survey of obese/ normal differences) to include the investigation of parallel differences as a function of attempted weight suppression (rela-tive to initial weight or relative to presumptive biologically de-

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