A Note on The Roman Hypocaust, the Korean On-dol, and the Chinese Kang

Abstract

The Romans developed the hypocaust in the first century BC as a suspended floor supported on columns, which was heated by hot flue gases produced by a furnace at one end and exhausted by a chimney at the other. Later the flues were channelled under the floor and eventually passed through flues in the walls to heat also the vertical surfaces. The development of the Korean on-dol and the Chinese kang was very similar, and both, unlike the hypocaust, are still used today.

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