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This report discusses how the Industrial Revolution led to decreased patterns of fertility in the United States. Structural changes in population and how employment transformations led to growing literacy which, in turn, led to a decrease in fertility are noted. The article explains how a variety of variables--such as occupational structure, education systems, female employment in industry, and marriage patterns led to a decrease in fertility. A mathematical model describing the industrial structure of the cities and urban fertility is presented. The authors conclude that both social structure and group characteristics contribute to lower fertility levels in the United States.
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