Siderite as a Corrosion Product on Archaeological Iron from a Waterlogged Environment

Henning Matthiesen · Lisbeth Rischel Hilbert · David Gregory

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Metallurgy and Cultural Artifacts Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis

Abstract

This paper discusses the occurrence of siderite (FeCO3) on iron artifacts excavated from the waterlogged peat and gyttja sediment of the Danish Iron Age site Nydam Mose. Siderite was identified by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectrometry (SEMEDS), which showed only minor contents of other minerals in the corrosion scales. The implications of the formation of siderite as a corrosion product are discussed in terms of its possible passivating properties and thermodynamic stability in situ. A Pourbaix diagram adjusted to the actual conditions in Nydam is presented and discussed. Different mechanisms for the formation of siderite in this environment are proposed, based on the results of environmental monitoring in the area.

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References

1974Journal of Archaeological Science 1998Slag Analysis as a Method for the Characterization and Provenancing of Ancient Iron Objects 1999The Corrosion of Excavated Archaeological Iron with Details on Weeping and Akaganéite 1982Post-Excavation Changes in Iron Antiquities 1985The Corrosion of Archaeological Iron during Burial and Treatment

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