Pan paniscus 1973 to 1996: Twenty-three years of field research

Frances J. White

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Primate Behavior and Ecology Animal Behavior and Reproduction Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior

Abstract

Although the pygmy chimpanzee is not smaller than a chimpanzee, it has long intrigued anthropologists with its more gracile build and greater arboreality. The social organization of the pygmy chimpanzee is unique among primates in showing female-bonding among nonrelatives, little male bonding despite male residence, and relative inability of males to outrank females. The crucial ecological basis for this difference from the male-bonded system of chimpanzees is that pygmy chimpanzees do not go through an extended season of low food availability during which party sizes fall to low levels.

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References

1971The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism 1986The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior 1968The Behaviour of Free-living Chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve 1993The last ape: pygmy chimpanzee behavior and ecology 1989Food sharing and reciprocal obligations among chimpanzees 1988The Communicative Repertoire of Captive Bonobos (Pan Paniscus), Compared To That of Chimpanzees 1980Social behavior of the pygmy chimpanzees 1991The significance of fibrous foods for Kibale Forest chimpanzees

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2002An expanded test of the ecological model of primate social evolution: competitive regimes and female bonding in three species of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri oerstedii, S. boliviensis and S. sciureus)2012Variation in the Social Systems of Extant Hominoids: Comparative Insight into the Social Behavior of Early Hominins 2015Intergroup Transfer of Females and Social Relationships Between Immigrants and Residents in Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Societies 2010Ethics commentary: subjects of knowledge and control in field primatology 2015Function of loud calls in wild bonobos.

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