Effect before Cause: Supramodal Recalibration of Sensorimotor Timing

James Heron · James V. M. Hanson · David Whitaker

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Multisensory perception and integration Motor Control and Adaptation Free Will and Agency

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Our motor actions normally generate sensory events, but how do we know which events were self generated and which have external causes? Here we use temporal adaptation to investigate the processing stage and generality of our sensorimotor timing estimates. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Adaptation to artificially-induced delays between action and event can produce a startling percept--upon removal of the delay it feels as if the sensory event precedes its causative action. This temporal recalibration of action and event occurs in a quantitatively similar manner across the sensory modalities. Critically, it is robust to the replacement of one sense during the adaptation phase with another sense during the test judgment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest a high-level, supramodal recalibration mechanism. The effects are well described by a simple model which attempts to preserve the expected synchrony between action and event, but only when causality indicates it is reasonable to do so. We further demonstrate that this model successfully characterises related adaptation data from outside the sensorimotor domain.

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References

2004Recalibration of audiovisual simultaneity 2001The cost of expecting events in the wrong sensory modality 2004Recalibration of temporal order perception by exposure to audio-visual asynchrony 2007Decision Theory: What "Should" the Nervous System Do?2008Audiovisual synchrony and temporal order judgments: Effects of experimental method and stimulus type 2007Bayesian Inference Explains Perception of Unity and Ventriloquism Aftereffect: Identification of Common Sources of Audiovisual Stimuli 2007Audiovisual temporal adaptation of speech: temporal order versus simultaneity judgments 2001Sensorimotor Adaptation to Violations of Temporal Contiguity

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2010Asynchrony adaptation reveals neural population code for audio-visual timing 2012Audiovisual time perception is spatially specific 2012The Build-Up and Transfer of Sensorimotor Temporal Recalibration Measured via a Synchronization Task 2013To Lead and To Lag – Forward and Backward Recalibration of Perceived Visuo-Motor Simultaneity 2012Exposure to delayed visual feedback of the hand changes motor-sensory synchrony perception

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