Article1989

Memory bias for anxiety information in patients with panic disorder

Richard J. McNally · Edna B. Foa · Christina D. Donnell

126 citations0/0 files storedCognition & Emotion

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Memory Processes and Influences

Abstract

Based on Foa and Kozak's (1986) information processing theory of fear, we hypothesised that panic-disordered (PD) patients, in contrast to normal controls (NC), would exhibit a memory bias for anxiety-related information, and that physiological arousal would enhance this bias. PD subjects met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder. Self-report measures of mood, heart rate, and spontaneous skin conductance fluctuations were taken at baseline and at recall. After baseline, subjects rated the self-descriptiveness of anxiety (e.g. nervous) and nonanxiety (e.g. POLITE) words. Half of the subjects in each group then performed a 5-minute exercise step-task (i.e. high arousal condition); the remaining subjects relaxed for 5 minutes (i.e. low arousal condition). After this manipulation, subjects were asked to recall the rated words. Consistent with our prediction, PD subjects recalled more anxiety than nonanxiety words, whereas NC subjects recalled more nonanxiety than anxiety words. This memory bias was nonsignificantly (P < 0.11) enhanced in PD subjects in the high arousal condition. The results were not interpretable in terms of a response bias for reporting anxiety words in general. Nor was the rated self-descriptiveness of the words the principal determinant of recall.

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References

1961An Inventory for Measuring Depression 1970Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1986Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.1986Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness 1986Attentional bias in emotional disorders.1986A cognitive approach to panic 1974The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings 1988Cognitive Psychology and Emotional Disorders

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1999Memory bias in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)1997Implicit and explicit memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder 1991Implicit and explicit memory bias for threat in post-traumatic stress disorder 1989Anxiety sensitivity and history of panic as predictors of response to hyperventilation 1999Explicit memory in anxiety disorders.1999Preattentive bias for emotional information in panic disorder with agoraphobia.

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