The IPV-GBM Scale: A New Scale to Measure Intimate Partner Violence among Gay and Bisexual Men

Rob Stephenson · Catherine A. Finneran

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Intimate Partner and Family Violence Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies Elder Abuse and Neglect

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The paper describes the creation of a new scale to measure intimate partner violence (IPV) among gay and bisexual men. METHODS: Seven focus group discussions were held with gay and bisexual men, focusing on defining intimate partner violence: 30 forms of IPV were identified. A venue-recruited sample of 912 gay and bisexual men was surveyed, examining definitional understanding and recent experiences of each of the 30 forms of IPV. Participants were also asked questions from the CDC definition of intimate partner violence and the short-form of the Conflicts Tactics Scale (CTS2S). Factor analysis of responses to the definitional questions was used to create the IPV-GBM scale, and the prevalence of intimate partner violence was compared with that identified by the CDC and CTS2S measures of intimate partner violence. RESULTS: A 23-item scale, with 5 unique domains, was created, with strong internal reliability (Cronbach Alpha >.90). The IPV-GBM scale mirrored both the CDC and CTS2S definitions of intimate partner violence, but contained additional domains such as controlling violence, monitoring behaviors, emotional violence, and HIV-related violence. The new scale identified a significantly higher prevalence of IPV than either of the more commonly used measures. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented here provide encouraging evidence for a new, more accurate measure of intimate partner violence among gay and bisexual men in the U.S.

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References

1996The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2)1979Measuring Intrafamily Conflict and Violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales 2002Intimate Partner Violence and Physical Health Consequences 2004A Short Form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, and Typologies for Severity and Mutuality 2010A Population-Based Study of Sexual Orientation Identity and Gender Differences in Adult Health 2005Victimization Over the Life Span: A Comparison of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Siblings.2004Intimate Partner Violence and Physical Health Consequences 2010Invisible Victims: Same-Sex IPV in the National Violence Against Women Survey

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2016Minority Stress and Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Atlanta 2016A Study of Intimate Partner Violence, Substance Abuse, and Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in a Sample of Geosocial-Networking Smartphone Application Users 2018An Updated Review of the Literature on LGBTQ+ Intimate Partner Violence 2020A Scoping Review of Intimate Partner Violence as It Relates to the Experiences of Gay and Bisexual Men

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