PROCESSING TRADE BIASES THE MEASUREMENT OF VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION IN CHINA

Cuihong Yang · Erik Dietzenbacher · Jiansuo Pei · Xikang Chen · Kunfu Zhu · Zhipeng Tang

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Global trade and economics Global Trade and Competitiveness Global trade, sustainability, and social impact

Abstract

Vertical specialization (VS) is often measured by the import contents of the exports, using an input–output (I–O) framework. Half of China's exports are processing exports, which largely depend on imported intermediate inputs and tie up upstream as well as downstream trade partners. Thus, one would expect to find strong VS for China. Using the ‘ordinary’ I–O tables, however, this is not the case. Because the production of processing exports is only a small part of total production, the average input structure in the I–O table hides the typical features of processing exports. Using adapted, tripartite I–O tables (for 2002 and 2007) in which the processing exports have been singled out, indeed reveals the expected strong VS in China.

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References

1988China statistical yearbook 2001The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade 1998Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy 2014Slicing Up Global Value Chains 2001Fragmentation: New Production Patterns in the World Economy 2011Estimating domestic content in exports when processing trade is pervasive 2008How Much of Chinese Exports is Really Made In China? Assessing Domestic Value-Added When Processing Trade is Pervasive 2013Fragmentation, incomes and jobs: an analysis of European competitiveness

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