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In 171 Australian rules football matches over a period of 4 years, umpires' allocations of rewards to (a) teams from the same state (instate) as the central umpires and (b) teams from other states (outstate) were examined. The instate teams received significantly more rewards (free kicks) than the outstate teams did in matches between them. The extent of the instate adjudication advantage varied by year; it was significantly greater for matches on an instate home ground than for matches on an outstate home ground. The umpires manifested ingroup favoritism in rewards of low value-salience (obstruction of outgroup scoring opportunities) rather than in rewards of high value-salience (facilitation of ingroup scoring opportunities).
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