Public entrepreneur: the trajectory of United States science, technology and industrial policy

Abstract

Because of ideological resistance, the USA often pursues industrial policy by indirect means. There are continuing conflicts over the appropriate role of government, industry and academia in innovation: an indirect and decentralized industrial policy may be more effective than traditional direct approaches, since it is better able to take regional differences into account. A new institutional configuration is emerging in which government, industry and academia together target technical problems to open up new technological and economic vistas, eventually creating new companies, industries and jobs. A common collaboration format brings representatives of different institutional spheres together in a bottom-up planning process.

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