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Late Pleistocene steppe lion Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) footprints and bone records from open air sites in northern Germany – Evidence of hyena-lion antagonism and scavenging in Europe

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References

2007Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) den use and taphonomy in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya127 cited
2006Prey deposits and den sites of the Upper Pleistocene hyena Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) in horizontal and vertical caves of the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic)106 cited
1992Variability in the behaviour of spotted hyaenas as taphonomic agents106 cited
2007Sources of variation in carnivore tooth-mark frequencies in a modern spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) den assemblage, Amboseli Park, Kenya91 cited
2009Steppe lion remains imported by Ice Age spotted hyenas into the Late Pleistocene Perick Caves hyena den in northern Germany43 cited
2010A diseasedPanthera leo spelaea(Goldfuss 1810) lioness from a forest elephant graveyard in the Late Pleistocene (Eemian) interglacial lake at Neumark-Nord, central Germany18 cited

Cited by

2015Isotopic evidence for dietary ecology of late Neandertals in North-Western Europe108 cited
2019The hunters or the hunters: Human and hyena prey choice divergence in the Late Pleistocene Levant56 cited
2013Late Pleistocene leopards across Europe – northernmost European German population, highest elevated records in the Swiss Alps, complete skeletons in the Bosnia Herzegowina Dinarids and comparison to the Ice Age cave art51 cited
2011Cave bear killers and scavengers from the last ice age of central Europe: Feeding specializations in response to the absence of mammoth steppe fauna from mountainous regions46 cited
2014Palaeopopulations of Late Pleistocene Top Predators in Europe: Ice Age Spotted Hyenas and Steppe Lions in Battle and Competition about Prey

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43 cited

2011Late Pleistocene steppe lion Panthera leo spelaea (Goldfuss 1810) skeleton remains of the Upper Rhine Valley (SW Germany) and contributions to their sexual dimorphism, taphonomy and habitus34 cited

2012Late Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) clans as prezewalski horse hunters and woolly rhinoceros scavengers at the open air commuting den and contemporary Neanderthal camp site Westeregeln (central Germany)33 cited

2011Late Pleistocene Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss 1823) populations from the Emscher River terrace open air hyena den near Bottrop and other sites in NW Germany: Their bone accumulations along rivers in lowland mammoth steppe environments and scavenging activities on woolly rhinoceros31 cited

2015On the discovery of a cave lion from the Malyi Anyui River (Chukotka, Russia)30 cited

2019Following the last Neanderthals: Mammal tracks in Late Pleistocene coastal dunes of Gibraltar (S Iberian Peninsula)30 cited

2011An Ice Age spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss 1823) population, their excrements and prey from the Late Pleistocene hyena den of the Sloup Cave in the Moravian Karst, Czech Republic29 cited

2013Extinctions of Late Ice Age Cave Bears as a Result of Climate/Habitat Change and Large Carnivore Lion/Hyena/Wolf Predation Stress in Europe18 cited

2020Eating head first—When European Ice Age spotted hyenas crushed their own to pieces9 cited

2017Homotherium from Middle Pleistocene archaeological and carnivore den sites of Germany – Taxonomy, taphonomy and a revision of the Schöningen, West Runton and other saber-tooth cat sites9 cited

2024The resilience of an injured Early Pleistocene Lynx from Taurida сave (Crimea)4 cited