Articlegreen2005

FREQUENCY FORMAT FACILITATES REASONING IN SIMPLE NUMERICAL TASKS

2 citations0/0 files storedPsychological Reports

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Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics Categorization, perception, and language Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills

Abstract

This study examined whether it is easier to reason in terms of frequencies or with percentages for simple numerical tasks. Research on probabilistic reasoning has shown that humans can draw correct inferences when problems are presented in terms of natural frequencies but not when in percentages. Whether the same effect can be observed in other numerically simple tasks which are not probabilistic was studied with 40 undergraduate students who volunteered for the experiment (13 men, 27 women; M age of 23 yr.). In a simple numerical task involving frequencies or percentages (N=20), their performance showed representation in frequencies facilitates the task.

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1995How to improve Bayesian reasoning without instruction: Frequency formats.1996Are humans good intuitive statisticians after all? Rethinking some conclusions from the literature on judgment under uncertainty 1999Naive probability: A mental model theory of extensional reasoning.2002Representation facilitates reasoning: what natural frequencies are and what they are not 2001Solving probabilistic and statistical problems: a matter of information structure and question form 2000Frequency versus probability formats in statistical word problems 1999Overcoming difficulties in Bayesian reasoning: A reply to Lewis and Keren (1999) and Mellers and McGraw (1999).2002Chances and frequencies in probabilistic reasoning: rejoinder to Hoffrage, Gigerenzer, Krauss, and Martignon

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