Restore: The Journey Toward Self-Forgiveness: A Randomized Trial of Patient Education on Self-Forgiveness in Cancer Patients and Caregivers

Loren L. Toussaint · Lynn Bornfriend · Maurie M. Markman

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Forgiveness and Related Behaviors Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions

Abstract

The present study evaluated "Restore: The Journey Toward Self-Forgiveness," a brief psycho-spiritual curriculum for encouraging self-forgiveness. This was a randomized, wait-list controlled trial including 83 cancer patients and caregivers. Restore encourages self-acceptance, self-improvement, and commitment using prayer/meditation, reflection, and expressive writing in a workbook format. Measures of self-forgiveness, acceptance, self-improvement, and optimism/pessimism were collected before and after participation. Using Analysis of Covariance to control initial levels, post-session levels showed that Restore participants scored higher than wait-list controls on self-forgiveness (F(1,78) = 9.85, p < .001), acceptance (F(1,77) = 4.84, p < .05), and self-improvement (F(1,79) = 5.28, p < .05) and lower than wait-list controls on pessimism (F(1,77) = 5.01, p < .05). Changes in acceptance, self-improvement, and pessimism mediate the Restore effect on self-forgiveness (Beta = -.08, p < .05). This is the first known brief, evidence-based program for facilitating self-forgiveness in patients with self-forgiveness issues.

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References

1994Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): A reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test.1999The Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI): Development and validation.2013Deaths: final data for 2010.2005Self–Forgiveness: The Stepchild of Forgiveness Research 2008Looking within: Measuring state self-forgiveness and its relationship to psychological well-being.2005Self-Forgiveness, Spirituality, and Psychological Adjustment in Women with Breast Cancer 2001Physiological and psychological correlates of forgiveness.2010Moving Toward Self‐Forgiveness: Removing Barriers Related to Shame, Guilt, and Regret

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