Infant carrying in family groups of Goeldi?s monkeys (Callimico goeldii)

Carsten Schradin A · Gustl Anzenberger

42 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Primatology

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Primate Behavior and Ecology Animal Behavior and Reproduction Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies

Abstract

Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) is closely related to marmosets and tamarins. Like marmosets and tamarins, C. goeldii lives in family groups, and fathers and older offspring (helpers) participate in infant carrying. In contrast to the typical twin births in marmosets and tamarins, C. goeldii has only single offspring, and paternal carrying is delayed. We studied infant carrying following 26 births in eight groups of C. goeldii, testing hypotheses proposed in the literature on infant carrying in marmosets and tamarins. The infant was carried exclusively by the mother for the first 26.3 days after birth. Afterwards other group members participated in infant carrying. Whereas the C. goeldii mother is always the main carrier, the father does not always carry more than helpers. In contrast to other callitrichids, age and sex of sibling helpers was not found to have an effect on the participation in infant carrying. The participation in infant carrying in Callimico indicated intraindividual consistency, i.e., the amount of infant carrying performed by fathers and helpers following one birth correlated significantly with the amount of infant carrying of the same individuals following the next birth. We found a significant negative correlation between parental infant carrying and group size, indicating that helpers really do help, sharing the carrying burden with their parents. This is attributed to a clear trend for a reduction in maternal carrying in the presence of helpers, whereas fathers did not benefit from helpers. We conclude that the infant-carrying pattern in C. goeldii is different from the infant-carrying pattern in marmosets and tamarins. The main differences were that the mother instead of the father is the main carrier, and that there is a clear time delay between infant birth and when the father and helpers participate in infant carrying.

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References

1981Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates 1995Temperament in nonhuman primates 1982Prolactin and parental behaviour in a male New World primate 1997One for all and breeding for one: Cooperation and competition as a tamarin reproductive strategy 1989A Re-Evaluation of the Social Organisation of the Callitrichidae, with Reference to the Ecological Differences between Genera 1977Interactions between parents and infants, and the development of independence in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)1993Social Organization in a Wild Population of Callithrix jacchus 1996Hormonal Responses to Parental and Nonparental Conditions in Male Cotton-Top Tamarins,Saguinus oedipus,a New World Primate

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