Offensive Language in Prime-Time Television: Four Years After Television Age and Content Ratings

Abstract

This study examines offensive language spoken in prime time on 7 broadcast networks in 2001. Profanity increased between 1997 and 2001 to a rate of word every 8 minutes. FOX network programs contained more crudities than all other networks; UPN had the highest rate of such words per hour. Mild words such as "hell" and "damn" dominated, but the "seven dirty words" were heard once every 3 hours. Programs labeled TVPG aired more dirty words than those labeled TV14. Shows with an "L" rating and programs without a content rating contained more vulgarities than other content-rated shows.

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