Articlediamond1995

BASIC TEMPERAMENT COMPONENTS OF LONELINESS, SHYNESS, AND CONFORMITY

161 citations0/0 files storedSocial Behavior and Personality An International Journal

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Personality Traits and Psychology Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Psychological Testing and Assessment

Abstract

The PAD Temperament Model provides a general framework for personality description and consists of three nearly independent dimensions: Trait Pleasure-displeasure, Trait Arousability, and Trait Dominance-submissiveness. The present study analyzed the Shyness, Loneliness, and Conformity scales within the PAD Model. Shyness resembled trait anxiety and neuroticism and was composed of unpleasant, arousable, and submissive characteristics, with submissiveness the strongest and arousability the weakest components. Loneliness, like depression, was composed of unpleasant and submissive qualities, although submissiveness was a much weaker component of loneliness than of depression. A new Conformity Scale evidenced a strong negative correlation with Trait Dominance and was independent of Trait Pleasure and Trait Arousability. Implications of the findings for clinical intervention were discussed.

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References

1970Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1957The Measurement of Meaning 1974An approach to environmental psychology 1992The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure.1980The revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: Concurrent and discriminant validity evidence.1977Evidence for a three-factor theory of emotions 1980Attributions in the sports pages.1988The Meaning and Strategic Use of Factor Analysis

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