Injury Patterns and Causal Mechanisms of Bruising in Physical Elder Abuse

Carolyn E. Ziminski Pickering · Aileen Wiglesworth · Raciela Austin · Linda R. Phillips · Laura A. Mosqueda

40 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Forensic Nursing

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Elder Abuse and Neglect Intimate Partner and Family Violence Child Abuse and Related Trauma

Abstract

The recognition of injury patterns can aid forensic nurses to identify victims of elder abuse. This study examined the mechanism of injury of bruises endured by physical elder abuse victims. A sample of 67 elders aged 65 years and older who reported to Adult Protective Services for physical elder abuse was included in the analysis. A research nurse conducted assessments and documented the presence and characteristics of all bruises. Data regarding the abusive incident were collected through victim descriptions and the Revised Conflicts Tactic Scales (CTS2) physical assault scale. The most common bruising locations were the lateral/anterior arms (n = 23, 34.3%), head and neck (n = 10, 14.9%), and posterior torso (n = 7, 10.4%). Victims' odds of having head and neck bruises were greater when reporting being choked (OR = 7.71, 95% CI [1.29, 45.90], p = 0.039), punched (OR = 13.53, 95% CI [2.55, 71.80], p = 0.001), and beaten up (OR = 5.60, 95% CI [3.26, 74.45], p = 0.001). The odds of having lateral/anterior arm bruises were eight times greater when the victim reported being grabbed (OR = 8.43, 95% CI [2.67, 26.65], p < 0.001). The findings suggest similarities between injuries experienced in elder abuse and those in intimate partner violence. Findings highlight injury patterns that elder abuse victims sustain and can be informative for forensic nurses.

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References

2017Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis 2013Elder Mistreatment: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in an Aging America 2010MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR)1993Diagnostic and treatment guidelines on elder abuse and neglect 1996Battered Women: Injury Locations and Types 2000Elder neglect assessment in the emergency department 2001Frequency and relationship of reported symptomology in victims of intimate partner violence: the effect of multiple strangulation attacks 2009Bruising as a Marker of Physical Elder Abuse

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2020Identifying Injury Patterns Associated With Physical Elder Abuse: Analysis of Legally Adjudicated Cases 2014Understanding the Medical Markers of Elder Abuse and Neglect 2021Injury Patterns and Associated Demographics of Intimate Partner Violence in Older Adults Presenting to U.S. Emergency Departments 2020Screening for elder mistreatment in emergency departments: current progress and recommendations for next steps 2022Strategies to build more effective interventions for elder abuse: a focus group study of nursing and social work professionals in Hong Kong

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