Memory consistency for traumatic events in Dutch soldiers deployed to Iraq

Iris M. Engelhard · Marcel van den Hout · Richard J. McNally

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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Memory Processes and Influences Identity, Memory, and Therapy

Abstract

Retrospective accounts of traumatic events are consistently associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This has often been interpreted as causal impact of such events on psychological functioning, but recent studies suggest that the causal direction is (partly) reversed: high levels of PTSD symptoms may be associated with amplified recollections of precipitating traumatic events. The aim of this prospective study was to index the consistency with which Dutch Army soldiers reported traumatic stressors and nontraumatic stressors on their deployment to Iraq, and to examine to what extent PTSD symptoms and pre-existing reporting biases, such as that arising from neuroticism, affect memory inconsistency. Retrospective accounts of stressors were highly variable over time. Individuals with higher levels of PTSD symptoms and neuroticism, lower levels of extraversion, and fewer prior missions, were more prone to increased reporting over time.

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References

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2010Disgust and the development of posttraumatic stress among soldiers deployed to Afghanistan 2008Cognitive abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder 2015Memory Distortion for Traumatic Events: The Role of Mental Imagery 2011Changes in trauma memory and patterns of posttraumatic stress.2009

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