Globalization and Gender: a European Perspective

Abstract

Globalization has to be understood as an open and contradictory process that entails restructuring the nationally bounded economic system and its Keynesian institutional regulatory structures. More specifically, we are facing a process of de-nationalization of the political and economic spaces that symbolized the preceding period of capitalism, generally referred to as the Fordist regime of accumulation (Aglietta 1979; Jessop 1988). After 1945, Fordism came to mean the highly successful synchronization between mass production and mass consumption. The novelty of the post-Second World War Fordist regime was based on the way liberal democratic societies were able to assert themselves against the destructive forces of the market. At the center of the unique historic Fordist compromise was the synchronization of real (male) wages with productivity growth, and the national anti-cyclical monetary and fiscal policies that led to one of the longest growth periods in history. The Keynesian welfare state was central to stabilizing consumer demand and expanding social rights to average citizens who, for the first time, were given access to mass consumer goods. Since 1973, the “virtuous circle” between mass production and mass consumption has come under increasing stress. The neo-liberal answer to the crisis has been the deregulation and flexibilization of the Fordist model of a nationally bounded economic and social system. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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