Article2004

Facial Reconstruction of a Wrapped Egyptian Mummy Using MDCT

Federico Cesarani · Maria Cristina Martina · Renato Grilletto · Rosa Boano · Anna Maria Donadoni Roveri · Valter Capussotto +2 more

62 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Roentgenology

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Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies Ancient Egypt and Archaeology Paleopathology and ancient diseases

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Facial reconstruction of mummies and corpses in general is important in anthropological, medical, and forensic studies. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of MDCT examination for 3D facial reconstruction and report the results of multidisciplinary work performed by radiologists, anthropologists, and forensic police in reconstructing the possible physiognomy of an ancient Egyptian mummy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional MDCT data were obtained from a well-preserved, completely wrapped Egyptian mummy from the collection of the Egyptian Museum in Torino, Italy, which dated from the XXII or XXIII dynasty (945-715 BC). Data were used as a model for the rapid prototyping stereolithographic technique, a method that allows the creation of a 3D model with digital data using synthetic materials such as a resin or nylon. RESULTS: The physical creation of the face was accomplished with boosting techniques performed by the progressive layering of plasticine on the nylon model according to the anthropometric data, the conditions of the soft residual dehydrated tissues, and the most accepted scientific and anthropological criteria. CT is the only noninvasive method for obtaining fundamental data for 3D reconstructions of the skull and the body, especially with wrapped mummies. CONCLUSION: Our multidisciplinary cooperative study produced a model of the face of an individual who lived nearly 3,000 years ago, which would not previously have been possible unless we unwrapped, destroyed, and altered the conservation of the bandages and the mummy.

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References

1971Human osteology : a laboratory and field manual of the human skeleton 1998Making faces: using forensic and archaeological evidence 1997Forensic Three-Dimensional Facial Reconstruction: Historical Review and Contemporary Developments 2003Whole-Body Three-Dimensional Multidetector CT of 13 Egyptian Human Mummies 1994Skull of a 5,300-year-old mummy: reproduction and investigation with CT-guided stereolithography.2003Applicability of 3D-CT facial reconstruction for forensic individual identification

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