Work-sharing families: Adaptations of pioneering families with Husband and Wife in Part-time Employment

Abstract

Among the most basic circumstances that influence the organization of societies are climatic and geographic circumstances, and as part and consequence of these economic and technological resources and potentials in their interrelations with the primary bio-psycho-social needs of the sexand age-differentiated human organisms in territorial populations of varying size. Economy is a term which grasps the linkage between living organisms and that part of the environment from which they instrumentally extract resources for upkeep and expansion of their life functions. By economic conditions we mean those aspects of the environment of which living organisms instrumentally extract resources. Thus, only those fruits, animals, waterand air-conditions, other humans, and aspects of these, which are instrumentally manipulated for human use, belong to the economic parts of the environment. Technology is the means by which the economic resources through work are changed into use values. Nimkoff and Middlthon (1960) have summarized how broad types of economic and technological constellations appear generally to relate to types of human family and sex role organization.

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