Sexist Discrimination May Account for Well-Known Gender Differences in Psychiatric Symptoms

Elizabeth A. Klonoff · Hope Landrine

252 citations0/0 files storedPsychology of Women Quarterly

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Gender and Feminist Studies Gender Roles and Identity Studies Gender, Health, and Social Inequality

Abstract

It was hypothesized that women may have more depressive, anxious, and somatic symptoms than men because they experience a deleterious stressor that men do not: sexist treatment. A total of 255 students (180 females, 75 males) at a state university completed an anonymous questionnaire containing measures of these symptoms. Women were found to exhibit significantly greater symptoms than men on all of them. Further, women who experienced frequent sexism had significantly more symptoms than men on all symptom measures, whereas women who experienced little sexism did not differ from men on any symptom measure. These findings suggest that gender-specific stressors not only play a role in psychiatric symptoms among women but may account for well-known gender differences in those symptoms as well.

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References

1977The CES-D Scale 1961An Inventory for Measuring Depression 1970Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1974The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A self-report symptom inventory 1984Lifetime Prevalence of Specific Psychiatric Disorders in Three Sites 2001An 'American psychologist'1984Six-Month Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Three Communities 1985Social Factors in Psychopathology: Stress, Social Support, and Coping Processes

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2002Antecedents and consequences of attributions to discrimination: Theoretical and empirical advances 2002Perceiving Discrimination Against One’s Gender Group has Different Implications for Well-Being in Women and Men 2014Discrimination and mental health among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States.2003Poverty, Inequality, and Discrimination as Sources of Depression Among U.S. Women 2008Age and gender diversity as determinants of performance and health in a public organization: The role of task complexity and group size.

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