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Delivering Happiness: Translating Positive Psychology Intervention Research for Treating Major and Minor Depressive Disorders

Kristin Layous · Joseph Chancellor · Sonja Lyubomirsky · Lihong Wang · Pudugramam Murali Doraiswamy

148 citations0/0 files storedThe Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine

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Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Abstract

Despite the availability of many treatment options, depressive disorders remain a global public health problem. Even in affluent nations, 70% of reported cases either do not receive the recommended level of treatment or do not get treated at all, and this percentage does not reflect cases of depression that go unreported due to lack of access to health care, stigma, or other reasons. In developing countries, the World Health Organization estimates that <10% receive proper depression care due to poverty, stigma, and lack of governmental mental health resources and providers. Current treatments do not work for everyone, and even people who achieve remission face a high risk of recurrence and residual disability. The development of low-cost effective interventions that can serve either as initial therapy for mild symptoms or as adjunctive therapy for partial responders to medication is an immense unmet need. Positive activity interventions (PAIs) teach individuals ways to increase their positive thinking, positive affect, and positive behaviors. The majority of such interventions, which have obtained medium-size effect sizes, have been conducted with nondepressed individuals, but two randomized controlled studies in patients with mild clinical depression have reported promising initial findings. In this article, the authors review the relevant literature on the effectiveness of various types of PAIs, draw on social psychology, affective neuroscience and psychophamacology research to propose neural models for how PAIs might relieve depression, and discuss the steps needed to translate the potential promise of PAIs as clinical treatments for individuals with major and minor depressive disorders.

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References

2001The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.2005Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication 2005The Benefits of Frequent Positive Affect: Does Happiness Lead to Success?2005Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions.2004Resilient Individuals Use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back From Negative Emotional Experiences.2002The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography.2003Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life.2005Pursuing Happiness: The Architecture of Sustainable Change

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2014The How, Why, What, When, and Who of Happiness 2021Mindfulness-based positive psychology interventions: a systematic review 2016Integrating Mindfulness into Positive Psychology: a Randomised Controlled Trial of an Online Positive Mindfulness Program 2020An affective neuroscience model of boosting resilience in adults 2015

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