Articlegreen2009

Three dimensions of oppositionality in youth

363 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

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Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Personality Disorders and Psychopathology

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in youth is a strong predictor of mental illness yet the wide range of associations with psychiatric disorders remains largely unexplained. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the identification of irritable, headstrong and hurtful dimensions within youth oppositionality would clarify the pattern of associations between oppositionality and a wide range of psychopathology in early and adult life. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from national mental health surveys including 18,415 subjects aged 5-16 in the United Kingdom. The main outcome measures were the associations between a priori hypothesised dimensions of oppositionality with psychiatric disorders and symptoms; parent and teacher-derived information were used in multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: Our three a priori dimensions had very different associations with disorders and symptom scales. Irritability was the only predictor of emotional disorders (parent report: OR = 3.26 [CI 95% 2.79, 3.80]; teacher report: OR = 2.78 [2.39, 3.22]); the hurtful dimension was particularly strongly associated with seeming cold-blooded or callous (parent report: beta = .32 [.27, .37]; teacher report: .33 [.30, .36]); and the headstrong dimension was most strongly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; parent report: OR = 3.21 [2.43, 4.23]; teacher report : OR = 7.18 [5.25, 9.82]). All three dimensions were associated with conduct disorder, with the headstrong dimension being the main predictor of non-aggressive symptoms (parent report: beta = .31 [.27, .34]; teacher report: .43 [.40, .45]), and with the hurtful dimension being the main predictor of aggressive symptoms (parent report: beta = .35 [.32, .39]; teacher report: .40 [.39, .42]). CONCLUSIONS: The three dimensions of oppositionality have distinctive external correlates, suggesting they may also be differential predictors of aetiology, prognosis and treatment responsiveness.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1997The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research Note 1993Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy.2001Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire 2003Prevalence and Development of Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence 2003Prior Juvenile Diagnoses in Adults With Mental Disorder 1999Comorbidity 1996Equifinality and multifinality in developmental psychopathology

Cited by

2010Adult Outcomes of Childhood Dysregulation: A 14-year Follow-up Study 2013The developmental psychopathology of irritability 2011Adolescent Irritability: Phenotypic Associations and Genetic Links With Depressed Mood 2013Foundation for a temperament-based theory of antisocial behavior and criminal justice system involvement 2016Behavioral Interventions for Anger, Irritability, and Aggression in Children and Adolescents 2010Dimensions of Oppositional Defiant Disorder as Predictors of Depression and Conduct Disorder in Preadolescent Girls

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