‘Urbanizing’ Bishkek: interrelations of boundaries, migration, group size and opportunity structure

Abstract

Within the context of Kyrgyzstan's capital Bishkek, this article deals with an identity boundary between the so-called ‘urban’ Kyrgyz and Russians on the one side, and the so-called ‘rural’ or ‘newly arriving’ Kyrgyz, on the other. In the first section I discuss the ways in which this boundary is constructed among Bishkek male youth, both rhetorically as well as with regard to actual practices of social inclusion and exclusion. Starting from these insights on what ‘makes’ an urban identity, I try to approach the question of why this boundary might be drawn as it is. Linking a theory on ‘group size’ with migration data for Kyrgyzstan and the concept of ‘opportunity structure’, I try to examine the allocation and accessibility of opportunities such as jobs, marriage and living space – all of which can be considered to affect the current divide between ethnic Kyrgyz in Bishkek.

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