The new wolves at the door: Conflict in Macedonia

Abstract

This article explores the 2001 violence in Macedonia. It begins by explaining the ‘four wolves’ thesis that has dominated the way that Westerners have thought about Macedonia in the 1990s before addressing alternative approaches to understanding ethnic war. The article argues that the vilence was caused by a combination of transnational criminal activity and processes of social transformation. The article moves on to account for the upsurge in violence and asks why Macedonia avoided a descent into general war unlike so many of its neighbours. It concludes by arguing that three factors prevented the slide into war: a benign international and regional environment, the absence of ‘ethnic etrepreneurs’, and the complex relationship between criminality and social transformation.

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