‘Deeply Female and Universally Human’: The Rise of Kuan-yin Worship in America

Abstract

American convert Buddhism has always been comparatively aniconic and opposed to supernaturalism. Earlier periods saw popular Asian bodhisattvas, such as Kuan-yin, relatively marginalized in the new Zen communities. With a rise in the number of female leaders, new found appreciation for ritual, and discovery of the crossover appeal of Kuan-yin, however, bodhisattvas are a visibly growing presence in American Zen and other traditions. Large numbers of converts claim Kuan-yin as an integral part of their Buddhist practice and drawing on and furthering this blossoming of Kuan-yin appreciation is a substantial new industry of bodhisattva-related products, including books advocating devotion to one or more figures. Now even many non-Buddhists have taken interest in Kuan-yin, who is valued for being a feminine figure in a world of mainly male deities.

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